Introduction (परिचय)
Voice का मतलब है sentence में action का relation subject और object के साथ कैसे है। English grammar में दो प्रकार के voice होते हैं — Active Voice और Passive Voice।
जब subject action करता है, तो वह Active Voice होता है। और जब subject पर action होता है, तो वह Passive Voice होता है।
Voice change करना grammar का एक important topic है, जो exam में अक्सर पूछा जाता है।
Definition (परिभाषा)
Active Voice:
जब subject action को perform करता है।
Passive Voice:
जब subject पर action होता है या subject action का receiver होता है।
Examples
Active Voice:
Ram writes a letter.
Passive Voice:
A letter is written by Ram.
Structure (संरचना)
Active Voice Structure:
Subject + Verb + Object
Passive Voice Structure:
Object + Helping Verb + V3 + by + Subject
Rules for Changing Active to Passive (नियम)
1. Object becomes Subject
• Active sentence का object, passive sentence का subject बन जाता है
2. Use of V3 (Past Participle)
• Main verb हमेशा V3 form में बदल जाती है
3. Use of Helping Verb
• Tense के अनुसार helping verb (is, am, are, was, were, etc.) use होती है
4. Addition of “by”
• Subject को by + subject के रूप में end में लिखा जाता है
Tense-wise Structure (काल के अनुसार)
Present Indefinite
Active: She writes a letter
Passive: A letter is written by her
Present Continuous
Active: She is writing a letter
Passive: A letter is being written by her
Present Perfect
Active: She has written a letter
Passive: A letter has been written by her
Past Indefinite
Active: She wrote a letter
Passive: A letter was written by her
Past Continuous
Active: She was writing a letter
Passive: A letter was being written by her
Past Perfect
Active: She had written a letter
Passive: A letter had been written by her
Future Indefinite
Active: She will write a letter
Passive: A letter will be written by her
When “by” is not used (महत्वपूर्ण नियम)
• अगर subject important नहीं है, तो “by + subject” नहीं लिखा जाता
Example:
Active: Someone stole my bike
Passive: My bike was stolen
Use of Active & Passive Voice (उपयोग)
Active Voice
• जब subject important हो
• जब action करने वाला important हो
Passive Voice
• जब action important हो
• जब subject unknown या less important हो
• Formal writing में अधिक use होता है
Important Points (Exam Tips)
• Object होना जरूरी है (तभी passive बनता है)
• Verb को V3 में बदलना जरूरी है
• Tense के अनुसार helping verb बदलती है
• Pronoun change करना न भूलें
• “by” हमेशा जरूरी नहीं होता
Difference (Exam Point)
Active vs Passive Voice
• Active → subject action करता है
• Passive → subject पर action होता है
Short Answer (Exam Revision)
Active Voice में subject action करता है, जबकि Passive Voice में subject पर action होता है। Passive Voice में verb V3 form में होती है और helping verb का use किया जाता है।